Health Care Financial Accounting Essay

Financial oversight is a very complex butt against across the vexation organizations. The increasing competition, complexity of melodic phrase, rising expectations of investors etc can lure any organization to use un estimable financial management tactics to make their books visit better. further this can be extremely chaotic In future. Healthcargon organizations are especially prone to such practices because of the extreme financial pressure and critical character of business operations.The purpose of this paper is to discuss the different aspects of the financial management, generally accepted accounting principles and the suggested ethical practices in this regard. Financial management is not just a record of debits and credits. It is a measure of the wellness of an organization. The four elements of financial management consist of planning, see to it, organizing and directing, decision making. The business operations must be plotted and the management must be well aware of all the business aspects. The management needs to follow a systematic process to make ethical decisions in sync with the goals of the organization.It must be ensured that sufficient fund is available to perform business operations in time. The management must have the control of business operations and thus the financial activities. The management needs to ensure that each part of the organization is adhering to the goals established for it. The management needs to decide how effectively the resources can be used to achieve the goals. This helps in maintaining the financial health of the organization. There is always a possibility of a financial situation in an organization when a difficult decision is to be lay claimn.Such circumstances require prompt decision making capability along with the understanding of the consequences of the decisions. In addition to the complexity of financial management, there are general accepted accounting principles. The general accepted accounti ng principles also referred to as (GAAP). Generally true Accounting Principles are not any written rules. They are just the recommended accounting practices to maintain accurate, fair and consistent financial reporting. Financial Accounting Standards carte du jour (FASB) and International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) have worked together to come out with GAAP.They revise the recommendations as and when required (Investopedia, n. d). Though every nation is free to stick with to any accounting system but GAAP is internationally followed to allow the interaction of organizations and their financial reports at international level. Ethics in financial management is very essential in all types of organization but it is even more important in health care organizations. A primary spring is that patients and their families are vulnerable to unethical practices. They deserve honesty in the financial aspects. The boards, executives, clinicians and the staff are equally responsible in this process.Another reason is that the health care organizations bear extreme financial pressure and it becomes very difficult for the finance department to strike a balance between the facilities and expenses. If the financial health of the organization declines, it sets up a negative spiral of loss of business. There have been several incidents of unethical financial management practices because of the increasing complexity of business operations. Therefore, several examples of ethical practice and conduct are suggested to avoid any unfair and dishonest incident.There are several financial circumstances that argufy the management to take right decision in a speedy manner. There may be quick unethical measures available that may flow the problem temporarily. But the management must not follow such measures as they may prove chaotic in longer run. They must take the ethical financial decisions. In a 2004 news articles that discusses compromising situation.. This articles states, The financial pressures experienced by most healthcare organizations are intense. Not surprisingly, financial statements run into frequent and persistent scrutiny.Declining financial performance makes the organization and its management team look bad. If financial covenants arent met, a hospitals bond rating may be down-graded, resulting in reduced access to low-cost capital and other serious financial ramifications. For whatever reason, the board, management team, and external constituencies may require to make the numbers look better. The heat is on the CFO to do the books differently (Tyler, 2004). In this example, the CFO is responsible to be honest. Manipulating the books the make the number look better would unethical.However, the CFO must make ethical financial decisions. Another example of good moral philosophy is a business leaders sincerity. A business organization can have positive as well as negative circumstances. It is very easy to rejoice the positive results bu t the other is tough. The leaders must be sincere enough to shoulder the responsibility of the negative incidents. They should also be capable of setting high standards of financial ethics in their organizations. It affects the hierarchy and thus the overall ethical health of the organization is positively influenced.For example, the Healthcare Group Purchasing Industry Initiative (HGPII), an organization dedicate to promoting the highest ethical standards and practices for the healthcare group purchasing industry, announced steps that will allow for even more transparency. They are activating a formal process to ensure prompt and fair resolution of supplier complaints regarding a group purchasing organizations (GPO) purchasing process and they are implementing an Independent informatory Council to have outside observers make sure they are doing everything possible in terms of ethical standard (Freeman, 2010).Finally it can be concluded that planning, control, organizing and dire cting, and decision making constitute the financial management. There are generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) that recommend the best practices to avoid unethical financial reporting. Moreover, there are several examples of ethical conduct for financial aspects. As healthcare organizations are financially very much pressurized and involve a very risky real time business model, they need to be more sincere in financial management.

An Analysis of the Observed Heterozygosity of Lake Trout

An analysis of the observed heterozygosity of Lake Trout communitys from ternion lakes irritate, Eagle, and Loughborough, inferred from microsatellite transmitted constitutions. Abstract This study was undertaken in order to compare the heterozygosity of three Lake Trout creations at various loci. Samples of twenty-five Lake Trout were collected from three lakes Devil, Eagle and Loughborough, all three of which are situated north of Kingston, Ontario. An autoradiograph was used to analyze the genotypes of the individuals at sixsome different loci of microsatellites, which are repeat sequences in the DNA that are neutral and do not code for proteins.This data was used to compare the inherited diverseness of the three different trout populations. Numerical values for observed heterozygosity (Ho) were then generated using the data and the Doh heterozygosity calculator. The results have indicated that the think up heterozygosity in respect of Devil Lake trout was importantly greater than that of the trout in Eagle Lake (p=2. 89E-7) as well as that of Loughborough Lake (p=1. 44E-19). Further more than, the mean heterozygosity for Eagle Lake trout was significantly greater than that of Loughborough Lake (p=2. 2E-6). This may be due to the fact that essential selection acts as a force to face inbreeding to eliminate harmful genes causing low heterozygosity in a population. In addition, human and natural personal effects occurring in the lakes, for example, fishing and water temperature may cause differences in heterozygosity. Understanding and using these findings may help with sustaining fish populations. Introduction Heterozygosity is the measure of the genetic transmutation in a population at a particular gene locus.Genetic variation indoors a population is important in maintaining or change magnitude the fittingness of members in the population and ultimately the survival of the species. Fitness describes the capability of an individual species o f a certain genotype to reproduce, and is usually equal to the proportion of the individuals genes in all the genes of the next generation. A positive correlation was found between the heterozygosity at the loci and the fitness (survival and maturation) of the fish, suggesting that heterozygosity is advantageous (Pujolar et al. 005). A heterozygote advantage describes the case in which the heterozygote genotype has a higher relative fitness than either the homozygote dominant or homozygote recessive genotype. An individuals fitness is manifested through its phenotype, and the phenotype may be affected by some(prenominal) genes and environmental characteristics. One such characteristic that was observed to possibly have an effect on levels of heterozygosity in a population was the area in which the population lives. In an experiment conducted by Rowe et al. 1999) the heterozygosity of various populations of Natterjack Toads (Bufo calamita) found in several areas were compared, ultim ately discovering a dismantle heterozygosity in a population that is disjointed from opposites. Volckaert and Zouros (1989) conducted a study to measure genetic diversity levels in scallops (Placopecten magellanicus) and discovered levels of heterozygosity to be highest as age increased. Ferguson (1990) found similar information that affects diversity among rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and cogitate that heterozygosity levels were proven to have a direct relationship between the sex, size and age of the fish.There are many factors that may affect the genetic diversity of a population. In particular, various events and environmental characteristics may affect the genetic diversity of Lake Trout. One factor may include fishing. This activity may cause the population of the fish to decrease at an unstable rate, thus this study will be undertaken to determine the many factors that may contri exclusivelye influences to the genetic diversity of Lake Trout in three lakes Devil, E agle and Loughborough Lake.Using six microsatellite loci from 25 Lake Trout from all three lakes, observed heterozygosity values that act as an indicator for genetic diversity, will be obtained and analyzed. This data can be further used by analyzing and providing additional information about the influences of certain characteristics on population genetics. Results Figure 1 illustrates that the lake with the greatest observed heterozygosity is Devil Lake. It was determined that the observed heterozygosity of Devil Lake is significantly greater than the observed heterozygosity of Loughborough Lake (p=1. 4E-19). The sample size for all 3 lakes was 25 Lake Trout. Figure 1. The graph illustrates the mean observed heterozygosity of the three lakes. The error bars represent standard deviation. Discussion The conducted experiment involving heterozygosity of Lake Trout from Devil, Eagle and Loughborough Lake shows that there are significant differences between the three lakes. Devil Lake ha d the highest mean heterozygosity within its population, Eagle Lake heterozygosity was found to be in the middle and Loughborough Lake with the lowest.It was determined that the observed heterozygosity of Devil Lake was significantly greater than the observed heterozygosity of Loughborough Lake (p=1. 44E-19). The difference in the data sets outcomes may be explained by a number of factors, such as natural selection, fishing and restocking the lake, and lake temperatures. All these factors may cause diversity in heterozygosity. The goal of an organism is to reproduce and pass their genes on to the next generation allowing the species to survive.The passing on of genetic material can be achieved through inbreeding or outbreeding. Inbreeding is the breeding amongst family or self outbreeding is the breeding with members of the same species that are not closely related. It may be believed that inbreeding is not good for a population with such opinions being based on having seen the resu lt of inbreeding in valet de chambre. Inbreeding as well as outbreeding, however, has both advantages and disadvantages. One advantage of inbreeding is its ability to dispirit the expression of recessive alleles (Ellstrand and Elam 1993).In a population with a damaging recessive allele, an individual may not seek to mate with anyone who potentially carries or expresses that allele. In this example the population might inbreed to decrease the heterozygosity in an attempt to remove the harmful gene. Mating within the family- when it is apparent that the family does not carry the detrimental allele, is more ideal in an evolutional prospective than putting the survival of that population at risk.In regards to Ellstrand and Elams study, this situation could occur in the Lake Trout from Loughborough causing the Lake Trout to have a lower mean heterozygosity. This Lake Trout population could be purging undesired alleles from its gene pool. One can conclude that not only does genetics hav e an effect on heterozygosity, but humans do as well. Another factor that may cause a loss of genetic diversity is fishing pressures. Smith et al (1990) suggested that fishing activities which concentrate on spawning populations differentially remove the older and more heterozygous individuals from the virgin stock.Previously stated, levels of heterozygosity are higher as age increases (Volckaert and Zouros 1989). Due to fishing, the descend of Lake Trout may decrease and there would be less fish. To fix the amounts of fish in the lakes, humans restock the lakes with hatchery fish (fish that are grown by humans and released into the wild). Evans et al. (1991) found that the human harvested fish tend to have lower genetic variation and actually decrease the fitness and survival of the native species. Loughborough Lake has the biggest population but the lowest heterozygosity.Compared to Eagle Lake and Devil Lake, most people from the Loughborough Lake area receive their income from f ishing (Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources 1970). Excessive fishing depletes the amount of fish and creates the perceived deprivation to continually restock the lake with fish. The practice of restocking the lake with hatchery fish may result in the large population of Lake Trout which would in turn decrease the heterozygosity of Loughborough Lake. There are other factors that may contribute to increase levels of heterozygosity in fish.One such characteristic that may increase levels of heterozygosity in fish is fluctuations in water temperature. Zimmerman and capital of Virginia (1981) found that extremely variable thermal regions demand for greater fitness. The fittest of fish are more heterozygous because they are able to survive in different temperatures. In Zimmerman and Richmonds experiment, the greatest temperature fluctuation was 7C, with the highest heterozygosity level of 49%. This trend may prove that the greater the temperature fluctuation, the greater the heterozyg osity of a population living within the waters.The temperature fluctuations of the three lakes are Devil Lake at 31F, Eagle Lake at 21F, and Loughborough Lake at 7F (Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources 1970). These numbers correlate with the data by showing that Devil Lake with the highest temperature fluctuation has the greatest heterozygosity, whereas Loughborough Lake with the lowest temperature fluctuation has the lowest heterozygosity. The mean heterozygosity of Lake Trout from Devil Lake was significantly greater than that of trout from Eagle Lake, which was greater than that of Loughborough Lake.Potential reasons for genetic diversity may be caused by natural selection acting as a force to cause inbreeding to eliminate harmful genes, fishing in the lakes which then require the lakes to be restocked with hatchery fish, and thermal fluctuations that cause differences in heterozygosity. Further research and experiments specifically looking in depth at effects that causes genet ic diversity should provide greater insight into why the heterozygosity in populations varies. Literature Cited Ellstrand N. , Elam R. 1993.Population genetic consequences of small population size implications of plant conservation. Annual Review of bionomical Systems. 24 217-242. Evans D. , Casselman J. , Wilcox C. 1991. Effects of Exploitation, deviation of Nursery Habitat, and Stocking on the Dynamics and Productivity of Lake Trout Populations in Ontario Lakes. Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources. 193 1-3 Ferguson M. 1990. Enzyme Heterozygosity and growth in Rainbow Trout Genetic and Physiological Explanations. The Genetical ball club of Great Britain. 8 115-122. Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources. 1970. Map of Eagle Lake. Map of Loughborough Lake. Map of Devil Lake. Queens University Map and Air Photo Library. 613. Pujolar J. , Maes G. , Vancoillie C. , Volckaert F. 2005. Growth tread Correlates to Individual Heterozygosity in the European Eel, Anguilla Anguilla L. Evol ution. 59 189-199. Rowe G. , Beebee T. , Burke T. 1999. Microsatellite heterozygosity, fitness and demography in natterjack toads Bufo calamita. Animal Conservation. 2 85-92. Smith P. Francis R. , McVeagh M. 1991. Loss of Genetic Diversity due to Fishing Pressure. Fisheries Research. 10 309-316. Volckaert F. , Zouros E. 1989. Allozyme and physiological variation in the scallop Placopecten magellanicus and a general model for the effects of heterozygosity on fitness in marine molluscs. Marine Biology. 103 51-61 Zimmerman G. , Richmond M. 1981. Increased Heterozygosity at the Mdh-B Locus in Fish Inhabiting a Rapidly Fluctuating Thermal Environment. American Fisheries Society. cx 410-416

Enlightenment/Romanticism Essay

The age of man is rife with varying motivations and personal reasoning. Over millions of years, life shifted from mere survival, with our minds drawn to food and shelter, into measure of political intrigue and welfargon reform. Buried in the layers, the Age of Enlightenment and the (difficult to define) Age of Romanticism are found. Within these two periods are nigh of our narrations most profound shifts in thinking.The Age of Enlightenment brought scientific reasoning to the forefront of everything. Life was distinct, understandable and predictable. Man contemplated his purpose empirically, studied methodically to come to a true conclusion.According to Anne Branham, the enlightenment allowed our founding fathers to question mans natural rights in the world of the lifetime. She uses Benjamin Franklin as the partial figure of true enlightenment. The one man who had his hands into all things scientific and technological fought actively for the earthly rather than heavenly rewards (55). Our most important living document, the American Constitution, finds its epicenter in the freedom to choose our own representation after careful contemplation and consensus-driven selection (59).Paintings reflected life as a animal(prenominal) entity. Portraits of people became the chosen artwork of the day, a marking of life in that moment. American History portraits painted by John Trumbull show the events in a concise manner, the emotions of the people stern and musing. Other artists, to include Anton Van Maron and Antonio Visentini, of this period (late Enlightenment) follow this same theme of capture rather than sensitize (GroveArt Online).Writers such as Locke, Paine, and Smith questioned preconceived beliefs, broke them down in their parts, studied them empirically, then transformed them into new ideals and theories changing the way things were done for centuries. Their articulations of thought changed the way barter and politics were conducted, a system we still hold to today. Burnham suggested when we take a good look at these writers (Locke in particular) we can see the seed of rendering that inspired Thomas Jefferson (58).The line between the Enlightenment and Romanticism appears quite blurred. It is not as though humankind stopped short all of a sudden and agreed to change their thinking. What is evident, however, is that change took place. Today, we are no longer as ideal in questioning what is right for man.This period began as a revolt of sorts against the aristocracy and their accepted norms. People began to concern themselves with emotions and the feelings of things. Psychologists such as Freud and Jung came into play. Not only what is wrong with you, but also why, and how does it feel to have that puzzle?Peckham questions the validity of an actual movement in that the need and subsequent fight for revolution does not in fact mean an actual change in thought amongst the worlds people. Was there in fact a change in mind away from the scientific and toward the ideal and the emotional (6).In terms of g everywherenment, America found itself growing out of control. States began to fight over the issue of slavery and valuing one mans right to property over another mans right to dignity and the pursuit of happiness as it were. Civil War breaks out, the basis set against the colder ideas of the Enlightenment. These ideas one can conceivably see as justifying slavery if numbers add up.Authorship offered a new selection during this era, the novel. Mary Shelley writes about the timeless battle of man versus spirit with her creation of Frankenstein. Mans emotional struggles in life marked the center of Mark Twains The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Edgar Allan Poes The Raven, Jane Austens Emma, and Henry David Thoreaus Walden.Peckham, writing in the time of Picasso, states Picasso has in his painting expressed profoundly the results of the freedom that romanticism has given to the creative imagination, but he is detested by most people who have seen his cubist or post-cubist painting as well as by a great many who has not. He is at home in the universe, but not in his purchase order (21). This simple statement takes us back to a time when the questioning of fundamental things, uniform shapes and colors, was not appreciated. One forgets Picasso died in 1973 only 33 years ago.Although these two distinct ages followed each other in general timeframe, there are some obvious similarities. In some ways, the transcendentalists, modernists and post-modernists, have all maintained the basic trend in life, which is to ask questions and present the answers in a way that society will gain from them as well. The questioning being the most serious of crimes against the calm nature of a society, with the actual answer following a tightlipped second.The difference lies in the questions asked, the answer given and the format preferred. For each successive generation, the questions drive a little deeper, the co ntext of the situations a little more complicated. The answers are increasing more personal, much to the chagrin today of the older citizens. Art today is far racier and stressing in it nature. Artists have the freedom to push the observer to his or her max. Life seems to be struggling toward a certain height where all questions are ok, all answers accepted.Works CitedBranham, Anne K. Teaching the Enlightenment in American literary works Shedding Light on Faith and Reason. The English Journal 87.3 (1998) 54-59.GroveArt Online. (18 Oct 2006). Peckham, Morse. Toward a Theory of Romanticism. PMLA 66.1 (1951) 5-23.

In Every Cloud there is a Silver Lining

There I was weeping tirelessly for hours on end, almost creating a miniature pond on the ground. My months of preparations had gone to waste. All my plans and decisions I had hoped to shrink ruined. I had planned out my great voyage to the head chief for months. Each and every step I was to take was already decided. But check to my tradition I had to get permission from my mother before leaving. past it all happened without even listening to all I had to say I perceive NO. A word I feel no man can define and a word that should never exist in whatsoeverones dictionary.There I was foolishly weeping when my motive was to show how much better our lives would be without these traditions yet following them my self. I was to do what I believe was my destiny. I was to do what I believed god created me to do. 1000s of 1000s of years of tradition had been followed in my community. Tradition that I believed was pointless, insensitive, meaningless and inappropriate to follow. Without any ones consent again I set out to wear out and change these traditions for our betterment. I packed my bags and headed straight for Chief Souza, the man who is believed to be our god.The man with endless power at his fingertips, what he said happened and he was the scarcely man who could fulfill my destiny. Getting to his home was the least of my worries. I simply had to walk for a short 2 1/2 hours down the blonde graveled road leading straight to his village and his home. I set off without any delays and a short while later I found my self and the grand gate and luxurious village of Chief Souza. My body pushing itself towards the door and with one final deep gulp of air and pushed open the doors.Then I completed I had already achieved a lot and am much closer to achieving my destiny. Without wasting any time in greetings and worthless bawl out on my health and family with the Chief I got straight down to the point. I shared a piece of my mind with the Chief non leaving any det ail or feeling behind. I never feared his immense power and now in front of him certainly I would not. Step by step telling Chief Souza exactly what my motive is and the reason behind my decision to fight against my tradition.Finally completing my argument against our tradition I looked nub to eye with the Chief. He stared at me as if I had gone crazy and just then I realized what a mess I had got myself into. I realized what a dim-witted person I was to barge into the most superior mans house in the entire community and blast him rough how shallow our tradition is. But then again I believed it was my destiny and this is the backbone in my life. This is why I lived. Then something struck me, something hard and heavy and within seconds I dropped to the ground akin a stick.Upon awakening I found a rope around my neck and a sack over my head. Despite not being able to see anything I knew the Chief had found my words as an insult to his community and ordered for me to be hung. It hur t really in earnest as I never even had the chance to question my community on what they found pervert with my words. What was wrong if I had my own opinion about the community and our tradition? It was too late I felt the plank beneath my feet, currently keeping me up, being pulled till I had nothing to repose on.My life had come to an end but my soul would not rest until I accomplished my goal. My mother cried and cried endless for days, wondering Where had I gone wrong in education my son? Why, why, why did he not listen to me? Everyday each member of the community considers What did he say wrong? He shared his feelings something no one has the courage to do. Each member of the community started looking at life from a different eyeshot a perspective in which they can live their lives how they wanted to and not by what their tradition, our tradition, my tradition said.My community members finally realized what I was trying to project. Within a straddle of days, I gained my biggest victory our tradition was altered and every member of our community was free to live life their way Then it became clear to me, if I had not sacrificed my life for the betterment of my community the changes done to our tradition now would never have happened. So even in a dark cloud like the death of a community member came, there really is a silver lining in it. Now my soul will rest in peace

Ethan Frome Dialectic Journal Essay

The colonization lay below two feet of snow in a sky of iron the points of the Dipper hung equal icicles and Orion flashed his refrigerant firesthe white ho wasting disease-fronts between elms looked fair-haired(a) over against the snow, chunks of bushes made black stains on it (Wharton, 26). The very beginning or initial description of the setting of the write up already gives it a feeling of closing off. Especially with it organism presumably in the winter as the crossroads is buried beneath snow and allthing nonwithstanding faces and appears so cold and l wizly. It reminds me of those movies or stories in which the ball has end and there are no people left, although there are people clam up inhabiting this village it unsounded feels so isolated. (77 words) He did not even know whether any one else in the world mat up as he did, or whether he was the sole victim of this mournful privilege (Wharton, 33). It is interesting how shortly the reader is able to discover how unhappy Frome is in this story and how lonely he feels. The theme of isolation definitely makes itself viable to the reader early on in the story, whereas in many stories the theme whitethorn not be entirely known until closer to the end of the story. I also in reality like the federal agency Wharton words the way he feels that if he was the sole victim of this mournful privilege.It al close to makes his event seem welcoming as comfortably as distasteful. (92 words) They stood together in the gloom of the spruces, an aban fag world glimmering about them wide and grey under the stars(Wharton, 44) It catches my, as well as other readers attention, when authors use such descriptive words. As Wharton uses words such as gloom, empty world glimmering, grey under the stars, it brings sort of a contradiction of images in which the bad outweigh the good. The grey overwhelms the true brightness of stars, and the empty world doesnt glimmer so much with the negative words accompanyin g them. (66 words) Sometimes their way led them under the shade of an overhanging bank or through the thin obscurity of a clump of leafless trees. Here and there a farm endure stood far stern among the fields, mute and cold as a grave-stone. The night was so still that they comprehend the frozen snow crackle under their feet (Wharton, 49).I hold dear the amount of imagery Wharton includes in her writing and what it also represents along with describing the settings and pictures of the current situations. Especially with how she uses thecold and soft as extremely moving factors of imagery as well as motifs for the theme. In this particular reiterate she also describes the farmhouses as being mute and cold as a grave-stone I individualally discern how it defines the setting as well as the theme. (79 words) He had been afraid that she would hate the hard life, the cold and solitariness further not a sign of discontent escaped her. Zeena took the view that Mattie was bound to make the go around of Starkfield since she hadnt any other place to go only when this did not strike Ethan as conclusive. Zeena, at any rate, did not apply the principle in her own case (Wharton, 58) Cold and loneliness seem to be frequently recurring topics in this story and especially used together in well-nigh scenarios. However, cold and isolation typically find each other appealing and flow so well together it makes sense. Along with that is the views of many deciding why Mattie remained in Starkfield they all make their own assumptions but of course the whole one that truly knows is Mattie herself. This is an everyday sort of thing we see. (77 words)It was formed of Zeenas unregenerate silence, of Matties sudden look of warning, of the memory of just fleeting imperceptible signs as those which told him, on real stainless mornings, that onwards night there would be rainHis dread was so strong that, man-like, he sought to postpone certainty (Wharton, 60). It whitethorn be ironic that I am relating this to school, but when I read this quote thats what I think of when someone is cheating on a psychometric test and your friend who is helping you sends you that warning look as the teacher sits quietly but you are certain(a) that they know. You try to plan how you bequeathing prevent getting caught or if you do get caught what you will asseverate to find your way out of the inevitability of it. Just as Frome is doing in this situation as he sought to postpone certainty. (97 words) There the silence had deepened about him year by year. Left alone, after his male parents accident, to carry the burden of farm and mill, he had had no time for convivial loiterings in the village and when his mother fell ill the loneliness of the house grew more oppressive than that of the fields (Wharton, 69).This is an extremely ruling quote as it highlights the be causes for Fromes isolation and loneliness. It had been instilled in him due to his fathers passing in an accident and his mothers smutty disease. It shows that everywhere he went he was haunted by their ghosts and I especially like how Wharton explains that the loneliness of the house grew more oppressivethan that of the fields, it makes you feel as if you are there mourning with him. (81 words) After the funeral, when he power saw her preparing to go away, he was seized with an unreasoning dread of being left alone on the farm and before he knew what he was doing he had asked her to stay there with him (Wharton, 70). It was out of desperation and fear of loneliness and the cold weather that Frome asked Zeena to stay with him, which later led to their marriage. Although it reminds me of when I am going somewhere and I dont want to be alone I will confide in even just someone I know if my friends are unable to be with me just so I will have someone there with me, although I may not favor their company. (78 words)She pronounced the word conjoin as if her voice caressed it. It seem ed a rustling covert leading to enchanted glades. A pang picnic through Ethan, and he said, twisting away from her in his chair Itll be your turn next, I wouldnt wonder (Wharton, 93). mend Mattie is open and realizing that marriage to someone other than Ethan is entirely possible it yet again strikes Ethan into realizing how lonely he could be still if Mattie were to find someone else to marry and leave although he is still married to Zeena. This just kind of goes to show that although you may have something, it doesnt always mean you will be content with what you have. (72 words) She turned and looked at him a moment. Good night, Ethan, she answered, and went up. When the door of her room had closed on her he remembered that he had not even touched her hand (Wharton, 97). Ethans lonesomeness shows through how he wishes to capitalize on even the smallest gestures when with Mattie. perhaps Mattie does not share the same emotions that Ethan does and while he may see that touching h er hand is a sincere gesture shared between them, and he craves for it, she does not feel this way and it is just merely a gesture to her. (64 words)On the way over to the wood-lot one of the greys slipped on a glare of ice and cut his knee Then when the loading finally began, a sleety rain was coming down once more, and the tree trunks were so slippery that it took doubly as long as usual to lift them and them in place on the sledge (Wharton, 100). Ethan is human. Everything that could go wrong that day for him does. I understand his struggle immensely because I, as well as most other humans have had days where nothing goes right and it makes you feel flustered and almost hopeless. zipper works out the way it should for Ethan and although it doesnt he keeps trying to accomplish it. (61 words)To Ethan there was something vaguely ill in this stolid rejection of free food and warmth, and he wondered what had happened on the drive to nerve Jotham to such stoicism. Perhaps Zeena had failed to see the new doctor or had not liked his counsels Ethan knew that in such cases the first person she met was likely to be held responsible for her grievence (Wharton, 105). Thinking that Zeena had not enjoyed her trip to the doctor or had been disappointed with the results she had received, she may have steern out her displeasure on the first person she encountered which was probably Jotham.Therefore he probably mat awkward about coming to dinner with all of them as would have most people, including myself, about coming to dinner after hearing the hosts disappointment. (67 words) Im a great people caster than you think. Her words fell on his ear with a strange shock of wonder. He had often heard her pronounce them before what if at last they were true? He advanced a step or two into the dim room. I hope thats not so, Zeena, he said (Wharton, 108). In expressing how sick she may truly be, Ethan acts as if he is very sorry and hopes she is not sick, but there is that und erlying possibility that is known to the reader that he wishes she may be sick so that he back pursue his envisioned life with Mattie. While he may not entirely hope that Zeena succumbs to her illness he might not wish that she get better. (71 words) He saw his blunder before she could take it up she wanted sympathy, consolation. I didnt need to have anybody tell me I was losing ground every day. Everybody but you could see it (Wharton, 109).Zeena searches for sympathy while Ethan who does not fully pay attention to her even as other people do does not give her the full sympathy she wishes. All she wants is for someone to care, as any person would. She probably feels even more hurt that her very own husband does not pay much attention to her as other people do. (62 words) mixed-up motions of rebellion stormed in him. He was too young, too strong, too full of the sap of living, to submit so easily to the destruction of his hopes. moldiness he wear out all his years at the position of a bitter fretful woman? (Wharton, 130). Ethan is tired of dealing with Zeena and is realizing how he can go without her being his age and having interests in Mattie. identical people reach it sometimes, Ethan is reaching his breaking point with Zeena and is okay with the fact that he could be without her because he has already practically moved onto the other life which he wishes he could have. (65words) He went up to Mattie as she bent above the stove, and laid his hand on her arm. I dont want you should trouble either, he said, looking down into her eyes with a smile.She flushed up warmly and whispered back No, Ethan, I aint going to trouble (Wharton, 137). Ethan cares and shows sympathy toward Mattie as Zeena threatens to kick her out and no longer use her as a servant. He shows more sympathy than he ever really showed Zeena. This just goes to show how if people really care they will show it and help one another. While if they dont really care, they will just put on a fron t and only act as if they do, if that. (72 words). It was a shy secret spot, full of the same dumb melancholy that Ethan felt in his stock ticker (Wharton, 152). The shy secret spot is not only symbolic of what Ethan feels in his heart but also kind of how Ethan is as a person as well. I also like the way Wharton compares it to the same dumb melancholy in his heart.Its like when you feel sad but you dont know why, or you dont want to, yet you still do. (63 words) Confused motions of rebellion stormed in him. He was too young, too strong, too full of the sap of living, to submit so easily to the destruction of his hopes. Must he wear out all his years at the side of a bitter querulous woman? (Wharton, 130). Ethan is tired of dealing with Zeena and is realizing how he can go without her being his age and having interests in Mattie. Like people reach it sometimes, Ethan is reaching his breaking point with Zeena and is okay with the fact that he could be without her because he has alre ady practically moved onto the other life which he wishes he could have. (65 words)

Flow of Gold and Silver Dbq

Chantelle DuncanMr. Richman AP world 1/22/12 DBQ on Flow of silver in mid-16th to eighteenth light speed The increasing flow of silver during the mid-16th to early 18th century had a very large impact on the economic and social parts of umteen countries through effect on land, trade, and value of silver. The huge inflow of silver brought many economic problems in both Spain and China. Antonio Vasquez de Espinosa, a Spanish priest appears indignant at the huge amount of silver world taken and stolen from the mines in the west indies some paying no 20 % tax and/or register fee and shipping silver out to the Philippines and chinaware. doc 6) As shown in document 2, a Spanish scholar, named Tomas de Mercado, tells of the problems that the sudden influx of silver is causing Spain. The streets of Manila in the Spanish territory of the Philippines could be surface with granite cobblestones brought from China in Chinese ships coming to get silver for China De Mercado is showing anger in the amount of Asian ships coming to receive silver, the large amount of which is undoing the Spanish sparing.Wang Xijue, a Ming dynasty judicature official reports to the emperor (document 3) that Chinese economy is declining, with cheap grain despite poor harvest overdue to the scarcity of the silver coin The government . The large amount of silver coming in created problems socially as well. Xu Dunqiu Ming, a writer, tells in an essay that seems directed at the general public, of the unfairness of dye shops in the commercial city of Hangzhou. Dye shops must now be paid with sliver from a moneylender, sort of of livestock or crops.Borrowing from a money lender instead of trading animals or food is plunging chinas poorer class of people even further into debt, as well as changing the economy type of the Chinese people. (doc 5) Socially, other problems occurred as well. Greed became serious, as shown in doc 1, where Ye Chunji, a county official, says the thrifty man with onl y one bar of silver currency can have something left over, whereas the uppity man with a thousand can still not have enough on the return of limiting wedding expenses. Wang Xijue in Doc 3. ells of how due to the government requiring silver though dispensing little, farmers are receiving less(prenominal) returns and thus less land is being cultivated. British merchant Ralph Fitch tells of his trip to the West Indies, sex act of how the Portuguese use Chinese goods bought in china to trade for obscene amounts of silver in japan, which they go back to china and use to bring home luxury goods to the west indies. (doc 4) In conclusion, the huge influx of silver posed both a social and economic problem in mid-16th to 18th century in Asia and parts of Europe.

Explain the Concepts of Equality, Diversity and Rights in Relation to Health and Social Care

BTEC Extended Diploma wellness and complaisant C be Unit 2 Equality, diversity and rights in wellness and hearty attending. P1, P2, P3, M1- Concepts and discriminatory and anti-discriminatory pulls. 6th November 2012 By Grace Kirby. Contents Page Page 3 5 Part 1(P1) Explains concepts of equateity, diversity and rights in intercourse to wellness and loving treat. Page 5 8 Part 2(P2) Describes discriminatory practices in wellness and amicable care. Page 9 Part 3(P3) Describes the potential effects of discriminatory practice mountain digest on staff and individuals victimisation health and amicable care.Page Part 4(M1) Assess the effects on those using the serve well of three variant discriminatory practices in health and brotherly care denouncetings. Part1 (P1) Explains concepts of equality, diversity and rights in copulation to health and cordial care. In this report go away evaluate how Equality, diversity and rights incorporate into the health and/or fr iendly care sector and how it is benefited by each members of staff, service users or patients in each health and/or hearty care settings.Equality is existence equal to everyone else, especially in rights, status or opportunities. in that note are truths in place to ensure that every individual is treated every bit this includes geological formations having equality policies to honour the concept. Diversity is accepting and respecting un likenesss between yourself and excessively otherwise individuals around you. This means that everyone is recognised as be several(predicate) which is valued and respected. Rights are legal entitlements.For example, an individual has a right to live in orderliness without universe poke fund or intimidated because of their race, beliefs, gender, sexuality or disabilities. Working in the health and social care sector, equality, diversity and rights are at the core of everything you will be doing. These terms embrace all individuals us ing the health and care sectors and every person working(a) within them. It is essential that hoi polloi working within health and social care recognise the need to treat every individual evenly o matter what their gender, race, beliefs, sexuality, age, constipation, ethnicity, sexual orientation, education, language, background or skin colour. In Britain it has truly broaden its multi hea and so union with a huge variety of different types of floricultures and backgrounds who live and work all over the country. In total, 6. 5 per cent of the British population consists of ethnic minorities. The British population is make up of the adjacent ethnic crowds * White 53,074,000 (includes Irish, Polish, Italian, etc) * Black Caribbean 490,000 Black Afri fundament 376,000 * Black Other 308,000 * Indian 930,000 * Pakistani 663,000 * Chinese 137,000 * Bangladeshi 268,000 * Other Asian 209,000 (includes Vietnamese, Malaysian, Thai) * Other 424,000 (people who did not think they fitted the above categories) With Britain being so different it has a lot of benefits to being so multicultural such as the arts, diet, education, language, tolerance, social cohesion and cultural enrichment. The arts provide a valuable way of channeling diversity to a widely audience.For example, films do in other countries can demonstrate culture from around the world in a con mildewity that is easy to interpret and may intrigue as well as educated people around other cultures. Museums and exhibitions also give an collar of cultures from around the world, past and present. Plays and other theatrical performances can bring an experience of contemporary world culture. All these things can help us understand and appreciate difference. With knowledge from the arts a person working in health and social care can develop a deeper understanding of diversity. Another good reason to enjoy a multicultural society is its food. In a modern survey in Britain the Chinese dish C how Mein was voted the favourite food, with Indian food being the other main choice. In fact these two foods numbered for 70 per cent of food choices according to the market leader in consumer survey analysis Mintel. This information is very Copernican for the health and social care occupation, as individual tastes have to be taken into account when planning a persons diet. More and more people are enjoying a diet with herbs and spices.This is partly due to our multicultural society and also because more people are travelling to other countries and tasting different types of food and drink. A persons diet also needs to be tailored to their health requirements. For example, diabetics and some older people may need to exclude certain foods likewise, a persons religious belief may mean that halal meat is a requirement. Asking people somewhat their food likes and dislikes, and what they can and cannot eat, is all part of considering and respecting their diversity. Education has bee n one of the most developed over recent years with diverse cultures being explored and valued within the curriculum. Schools and colleges now include studies in a wide range of cultures and languages. The education system has also benefited from people from different backgrounds reaching management positions and making ordained changes in relation to diversity. The inclusion of equality, diversity and rights training in the health and social care profession has increased and has become an important part of the captain training programme.All organisations are required by law to train their staff in equality, diversity and rights, usually under the equal opportunities framework. Education is an important turncock in helping to get rid of ignorance about diversity. In todays society umteen people know more than one language, this can either the mother tongue or a language that is learnt through the education system or self taught. This can be beneficial for health professional, it gives chances to work abroad as well as learn something new. With the exploitation of online service, there is a wealth of information in most spoken languages. Information is also available in sign language, and the visually impaired can use specialised software, which speaks to the viewer. quite a little who can speak languages other than English are highly sought after in health and social care because umpteen of those using the services may not speak English. Interpretation is seen as a new career in the health service, so speaking another language is clearly beneficial for health and social care professionals. perimeter is a very important quality to have when working in health and social care. You may come across people you do not get on with or who have different views from, you this is life story and has to be accepted after all, we are all individuals. You have to be mature and professional and professional when working with colleagues and helping people, even though you may sometimes not feel you indirect request to be. Difference has to be accepted even more in health and social care than in other occupations. Social cohesion is where a community sticks together behind many reasons such as ethnicity. Feeling belonged somewhere is very important to human behaviour as it provides a safe and understanding environment where a root sticks together. In health and social care team members need to form this type of bond. Working in a diverse team requires each member to value and respect all others in the team. Without this bond a team works ineffectively and will eventually bloodline apart, causing major problems for the people using the service.Cultural enrichment is all the social and cultural benefits described above will bring about cultural enrichment through diversity, which will improve life for everyone, both those who work in health and social care and those who use the services provided. Active Promotion of equality and individual righ ts wellness and social care professionals need to actively promote equality and the rights of individuals, whether they are working in or using these services. The word Active emphasises the need to ensure that action is taken on these issues.There are many laws, policies and procedures in effect to promote equality and individual rights such as the care value base of operations (CVB). There are seven principles which promote rights for every individual who uses a service within the health and social care sectors. The care value base principles are all equally important and should in theory form the basis of all your relationships with clients and colleagues. The seven principles are 1. The promotion of anti-discriminatory practice 2. The promotion and have got of dignity, independence and safety 3.Respect for, and acknowledgement of, personal beliefs and an individuals identity 4. The maintenance of confidentiality 5. Protection from abuse and harm 6. The promotion of effective c ommunication and relationships 7. The provision of personalised individual care. In health and social care there are various ways to actively promote equality and individuals rights such as the fol small(a)ing * Promoting the rights, choices and well-being of individuals * Anti discriminatory practice em functioning individuals * Dealing with tensions and contradictions Staff development and training * Practical implications of confidentiality, e. g. recording, reporting, storing and sharing of information Part 2(P2) Describes discriminatory practices in health and social care. In health and social care discrepancy occurs more often than expected this can vary from your colleagues not bad(p) against you or the service users also the service users discriminating against you. Discrimination can happen in many forms, people are tell apartd against for many things as well.People are mostly discriminated against for the fol griming * glossiness * Disability * climb on * Social clas s * Gender * Sexuality * wellness status * Family * Status * Cognitive ability Culture A persons culture is important to them and identifies who they are in the world. It is developed within the social group they are raised in, and can change when they are mature enough to decide for themselves what culture trump out suits them. In the health and social care profession, respecting a persons culture is important for all concerned.It is important for the individual because it creates a sense of support and understanding, promotes their well-being and can help their health. It is also important to health and social care professionals because they see the benefits of their care value base and this underlines the importance of respecting an individuals culture. Disabilities In health and social care, you will work with and support people with various disabilities. The disability Discrimination Act (DDA) makes it unlawful to discriminate against soulfulness who has a disability.The act covers employment, access to goods, facilities and services of organisations, education, purchasing and renting a property and transport services. There has to be full accessibility for anyone with a disability. The organisation you work for will be required by law to have a policy in place regarding disability. Age Age discrimination happens when someone is treated unfavourably because of their age, without justification, or is harassed or victimised because of their age.There have been some controversies regarding the dispensing of certain very expensive drugs to older people because of their shorter life expectancy, due to their age. Some people have argued that the money would be breach spent on drugs for younger people. However denying a person a drug due to their age may open the health service to considerable legal risk, and legal advice needs to be sought first before decisions like this are made. Social class Our social class is apparent from the place where we live. T he higher the class, the better the place is kept and maintained.This inequality has also infiltrated health and social care. In the forward to a discussion section of Health publication, Alan Milburn MP, former Secretary of State for Health, stated that the poor are far more potential to get cancer than the rich, and their chances of survival are lower too the letter carries to say that health care is a postcode lottery. However At the heart of human rights is the belief that everybody should be treated equally and with dignity no matter what their circumstances Source Equality and Human Rights Commissions (www. equalityhumanrights. om). Gender A person cannot be discriminated against because of their gender. Under the Gender Equality Duty 2007, all organisations, including health and social care services, cannot discriminate unfairly due to a persons gender. Equal rights of access, health care and rights must be followed. Sexuality Sexual orientation can be referred to a person is attracted to another person of the analogous sex (gay or lesbian), the opposite sex (heterosexual), or both sexes (bisexual). Discrimination against someone because of their sexuality is against the law.If someone feels discriminated against because of their sexuality or feels they are being discriminated against they can seek legal help. Health status sometimes difficult decisions have to be made regarding a persons medical discourse, taking into account the cost of the treatment, their expected quality of life after the treatment, their expected quality of life after the treatment and their overall life expectancy, people making these decisions should always keep questioning their own assumptions and prejudices, and do their best to balance the welfare of individual patients with broader funding considerations. Family status Since sexuality has broadened in society with the sexuality act, people are discriminated against gay and/or lesbian parents, single parents, parents of different genders, parents of different races with mixed race children and other family groupings. Cognitive ability Discrimination on the grounds of cognitive ability may arise because of a brain injury a learning disability or difficulty, or a persons social class or education. It can be easy to discriminate against people with cognitive disabilities nevertheless care must be taken not to do so.Valuing People Now is a administration strategy which aims to improve the lives of people with learning disabilities, and those of their families and carers. Part 3(P3) describe the potential effects of discriminatory practice can have on staff and individuals using health and social care. In all aspects including health and social care discriminatory practice has very negative effects on the people being cared for. This section will explore the effects in more detail. Marginalisations (treat a person or group as insignificant)Marginalisation is when people feel as if they are not a part of the main group or society as if they dont belong anywhere. This is a potential effect of discrimination because a person is made to stand out and made to be different from everyone else and they can and so feel like they are all alone and marginalized from the rest of society or in the grammatical case of a health and social care sector, other service users. When a person is marginalized they are made to feel like they are different and not in a good way.For example a lower class citizen being admitted to a private care trust because there is no way of life elsewhere and being surrounded by all upper class service users. They may then be treated differently because of that i. e. discriminated against and they may begin to feel pushed out alone because of whom they are and where they are. This is a clear example of Marginalisation. Disempowerments (make a person or group less powerful or confident) Individuals or groups that are discriminated against by other individuals or mo re powerful groups will feel disempowered.They may be willing to fight against this and in some cases will win their case. However, many do not and they escape the will to fight against discrimination. As a result of this, they may become depressed and devalued and disempowered, which in turn may lead to more health issues. This could happen in a health and social care setting for example Low self esteem and self identity Discrimination can lead to people losing their self- worth or self esteem. Some people already have low self esteem before they begin to use the health and social care services.A person with low self esteem will experience negative self-identity, which brings a feeling of worthlessness and depression. The health and social care professional needs to ensure that an individuals self esteem is maintained at a high take or can be raised when its low, to health the person copes with the pip there in. Restricted opportunities All types of discrimination may lead to a person not using health and social care provision and this can lead to poorer health. The discrimination may be by individuals, health organisations or even the government. prejudicious behaviours such as aggression or criminality Negative behaviour, aggression or crime can be partly caused by discrimination. Living in need and experiencing discrimination. Living in poverty and experiencing discrimination can affect an individuals behaviour. People may experience hardship and then take their frustrations out on police, teachers and health and social care professionals. People may take out their anger on those they see in a position of power and health professionals can find themselves being verbally or physically attacked. People may have anger management problems and they may take this out on the health and social care professional.Drug users may also display negative behaviour while in care. Definitions Equality the state of being equal especially in status, rights and oppo rtunities. Equity the quality of being fair and impartial Diversity the state of being diverse variety Rights that which is morally correct just or honourable Opportunity a set of circumstances that make it possible to do something Difference a point or way in which people or things are not the same Overt discrimination when you do not get over the fact you are discriminating, it is not hidden Covert discrimination hidden or subtle discrimination.It is distant to overt discrimination Stereotyping view or represent as a stereotype Labelling assign to a category, especially inaccurately or restrictively Prejudice preconceived opinion not based on reason or experience Disadvantages unfavourable circumstances Belief an acceptance that a statement is genuine or that something exists Values the regard that something is held to deserve the importance or preciousness of something Vulnerability the state of being vulnerable or exposed Abused the improper use of somethingEmpowerment author ization the act of conferring legality or sanction or formal warrant Independence freedom from the control, influence, support, aid or the like of others mutualness mutuality a repriciocal relation between interdependent entities. Racism prejudice or discrimination enjoin against some of a different race based on such a relief. Sexism prejudice, stereotyping or discrimination, typically against women on the basis of sex. Homophobia an extreme and irrational aversion to homosexuality and homosexual people. 1 . Edexcel Health and social care level 3, countersign 1 BTEC field of study P. 48 2 . British Council, 2009 3 . Edexcel Health and social care level 3, Book 1 BTEC National P. 50 4 . Edexcel Health and social care level 3, Book 1 BTEC National P. 50 5 . Edexcel Health and social care level 3, Book 1 BTEC National P. 50 6 . Edexcel Health and social care level 3, Book 1 BTEC National P. 50 7 . Edexcel Health and social care level 3, Book 1 BTEC National P. 50 8 . Edexce l Health and social care level 3, Book 1 BTEC National P. 2 9 . Edexcel Health and social care level 3, Book 1 BTEC National P. 65 10 . Edexcel Health and social care level 3, Book 1 BTEC National P. 65 P. 66 11 . Edexcel Health and social care level 3, Book 1 BTEC National P. 66 12 . Edexcel Health and social care level 3, Book 1 BTEC National P. 67 13 . Edexcel Health and social care level 3, Book 1 BTEC National P. 69 14 . Edexcel Health and social care level 3, Book 1 BTEC National P. 69 15 . Edexcel Health and social care level 3, Book 1 BTEC National P. 69